Background & Aims: The importance of "publish or perish" in academic contexts, especially for faculties and graduate students, is an undeniable problem because of its role in determining university achievement around the world. To deal with such problems, academic writers must be fluent in language repertoires (e. g., lexical bundles), which are an essential component of scholarly writing and necessary for creating publishable research articles (RAs). Material & Methods: Hence, the present study reviews 85 empirical RAs that have been done to extract highly frequent 4-word lexical bundles (LBs) published between 2008 and 2021 in ISI and Scopus-indexed journals across various hard sciences disciplines including medical sciences. Additionally, it offers a list of the general academic four-word LBs in the various sections of hard sciences RAs that can be used as a reference list of general LBs for scholarly writing in hard sciences. Results: The review revealed that in each discipline, the experts use discipline-specific bundles. The findings also revealed that academic writing structurally relies heavily on phrasal bundles and functionally on referential bundles. Conclusion: The current study concludes that it is essential to explore disciplinary linguistic features such as LBs in academic writing to enhance academic success and RA literacy. The results may also be useful in developing appropriate educational materials and activities on LBs for academic writing in hard sciences such as medical sciences.

Background: Identifying the challenges of research activities in the academic atmosphere of the health systems, plays an important role in qualitative and quantitative promotion of research in this era. Methods: Studies investigating the research barriers in the medical universities of Iran were identified via a comprehensive search in national and international databanks such as: Magiran, SID, Pubmed, Google scholar search engine and were selected after investigation of titles, abstracts and full texts. Required information including different research challenges from the viewpoint of financial, organizational, individual, scientific and cultural aspects together with different related factors were extracted from the selected studies. In addition, the results of the review were presented in the committee of the Academy of Medical Sciences in the 8th Iranian academic study area and the opinions of the Committee members were collected by focus group discussion and used for final discussions. Research barriers in the medical universities were associated with different factors especially academic rank, academic degree, and field of education. Results: Research barriers of the Iranian medical Universities and research centers were extracted from 41 eligible studies. According to the results, organizational and finantial challenges were on the top list of research barriers, while scientific and natural barriers were the least mentioned challenges. The main challenges among the academic members and research staff were financial, while students mainly faced organizational barriers. Conclusion: To overcome and manage the research problems, the old research challenges as well as new challenges should be particularly taken into account by the managers and policymakers.

Background: Research is essential for societal development and medical sciences. Medical schools should train researchers and promote a research culture.Objectives: This study assessed the attitude of medical students at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TUOMS) towards research.Methods: This cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2024. A sample of 682 students was randomly selected, with 609 responding to the questionnaire (response rate: approximately 89.3%). The questionnaire, adapted from Sobczuk et al., explored students’ research attitudes. Data analysis involved one-sample T-tests and MANOVA using SPSS 26.”Results: A survey conducted among medical students revealed a generally positive attitude toward research. The item ‘We’re living healthier and safer with science’ received the highest ranking (Mean =3.93±0.955). However, the study also highlighted challenges in research engagement. The most significant barriers identified were a lack of information on scientific work opportunities (Mean = 3.77±1.34) and insufficient funding/grants for research (Mean = 3.74±1.33). Gender and academic semester did not significantly influence attitudes or perceived obstacles, but the field of study played a significant role. Paramedicine students exhibited lower attitudes toward research than Medicine, Dental, and Pharmacology. Additionally, Paramedicine reported more perceived obstacles, supported by statistically significant p-values (p < 0.001). Despite the overall positive view, this underscores the need for educational and financial support to encourage active student participation in research.”Conclusion: The findings suggest that the students are interested in research but need more support and guidance. The university should offer courses on research methods, increase awareness of research importance and benefits, provide facilities and resources, and enhance attention from officials and professors.

Background: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of psychological stress among Isfahan medical sciences students.Methods: Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was carried out among the 387 medical sciences students (medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry) of Isfahan, Iran through census. In academic year 2010–2011, Kessler-10 questionnaire was given to the students a month before semester examinations. Scores ³20 were considered as indicative of positive stress symptoms.Results: The overall prevalence of stress among medical sciences students was found to be about 76.1%. The prevalence of stress among medicine students was 22.7% mild, 23% moderate and 21.4% severe while 32.8% showed no stress. The prevalence of stress among pharmacy students was 22.22%, 22.22%, 26.19%, and 29.36% mild, moderate, and severe and no stress, respectively. The prevalence of stress among dentistry students was 25% mild, 27% moderate, and 10% severe while 37.5% showed no stress. The prevalence of stress was higher (70.6%) in pharmacy students when compared with medicine (66.1%) and dentistry (62.5%) students. The odds of student having stress is higher in dentistry students (OR: 1.44, P= 0.33), where as the odds are decreasing in pharmacy student (OR: 1.16, P= 0.66). There is no statistically significant association between gender, ages, and term and having stress symptoms.Conclusions: The high level of stress necessitates interventions like social and psychological support to improve the student’s well-being. A prospective study is needed to study the association of psychological morbidity with sources of stress and coping strategies.

Background: Pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures can be associated with infectious, vascular, and neurological complications. There is debate about emergency or elective treatment methods of this fracture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the passing of time in the treatment of pediatric elbow supracondylar fractures.Methods: In this study, 60 patients underwent early surgery (before 8 hours) and 60 patients with delayed arrival underwent delayed treatment (after 8 hours). After data collection by observation and checklist they were analyzed by means of SPSS software and X2, Fisher’s exact test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney statistical test. P values of>0.05 were considered significant.Findings: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding neurovascular injury, infection, myositis ossificans, and varus deformity. Moreover, there was no compartment syndrome in the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: We were unable to identify any significant differences regarding complications such as neurovascular injury, infection, myositis ossificans, and varus deformity between early and delayed treatment groups of pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures. Therefore, the choice between early or delayed operative treatment depends on the surgeon’s preference and judgment.

Background: Setting research priorities is an important process in management of health researches. If this process is carried out based on the goals and values of the health system, the actual needs will be properly met. This study is aimed to determine research priorities of Kerman Medical Sciences University.Methods: In this documentary study, content analysis method was used. The study was base on upstream documents, which were selected purposefully. Data collection tools were checklist and a researcher-made questionnaire.Results: Research priorities were identified in two categories of structural - organizational studies and environmental researches. The first category of research priorities included human resources, budget management, research management, organizational structure, facilities and physical space, knowledge management, information technology, business processes and organizational culture and the second group of research priorities included health supporting environments, community empowerment, equity in health, the quality of services, and health culture.Conclusion: Setting research priorities based on upstream documents review is a favorable method to determine priorities consistent with actual needs. In this method, priorities will be determined based on goals and values of the system and the existing needs and problems. Using the integrative approach of documents review and utilizing beneficiaries' involvement is also recommended to obtain better results.